Signs and Symptoms of a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result from a variety of accidents, including car crashes, falls, workplace incidents, or sports injuries. It occurs when an external force, such as a blow to the head, causes damage to the brain. TBIs range from mild concussions to severe, life-altering injuries. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of a TBI early is critical for prompt treatment and recovery. In this blog post, we’ll explore the common signs and symptoms that may indicate a traumatic brain injury and why seeking medical attention is essential. For personalized assistance tailored to your specific needs, contact Kalfayan Merjanian, LLP, to speak with one of our skilled and experienced California personal injury lawyers for a free consultation.

Types of Traumatic Brain Injury

Before diving into the symptoms, it’s important to understand some different types of TBIs that can occur:

1. Concussion – The most common and mildest form of TBI. It typically causes temporary confusion or memory loss.
2. Contusion – A bruise on the brain, usually caused by a direct blow to the head.
3. Diffuse Axonal Injury – Severe brain damage caused by violent shaking or rotational forces.
4. Penetrating Injury – When an object (like a bullet or shrapnel) enters the skull and damages the brain.

The symptoms of a TBI can vary depending on the severity of the injury, but there are some common signs you should be aware of.

Common Signs and Symptoms of a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

For a mild TBI, such as a concussion, symptoms may be subtle but can still have long-term effects if left untreated. Common signs include:

1. Headaches – Often one of the first symptoms to appear, headaches after a head injury should not be ignored, even if they seem mild.
2. Dizziness and Balance Problems – A feeling of lightheadedness or difficulty maintaining balance may occur.
3. Confusion or Disorientation – People with mild TBIs may feel dazed, confused, or unsure of where they are.
4. Nausea or Vomiting – Some individuals may experience nausea or even vomiting, which can worsen in severity.
5. Memory Problems – Short-term memory loss, especially surrounding the time of the injury, is common.
6. Sensitivity to Light or Noise – Many people with mild TBIs find that bright lights or loud sounds are intolerable.
7. Sleep Disturbances – Trouble falling asleep or sleeping excessively after the injury are both signs of a mild TBI.
8. Mood Swings – Individuals may experience mood swings, irritability, or heightened emotional responses.

Symptoms of Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

In more serious cases of TBI, symptoms can be more pronounced and may require immediate medical attention. These symptoms may include:

1. Loss of Consciousness – A person with a moderate to severe TBI may lose consciousness for a period of time, ranging from a few minutes to several hours or even longer.
2. Severe Headaches – Intense headaches that don’t improve or get worse over time could indicate a more serious brain injury.
3. Slurred Speech or Difficulty Speaking – Trouble speaking clearly, slurred words, or difficulty understanding language can indicate brain damage.
4. Seizures – Having seizures after a head injury is a serious symptom and requires immediate medical care.
5. Weakness or Numbness – Paralysis or weakness in any part of the body, especially if it is on one side, should be treated urgently.
6. Pupils That Are Uneven or Non-Responsive – Abnormal pupil dilation can signal significant brain injury and should be checked immediately.
7. Unusual Behavior – A person with a moderate to severe TBI might experience significant changes in behavior, including aggression or confusion.
8. Loss of Coordination – Difficulty with coordination or fine motor skills (like walking or writing) may point to brain damage.
9. Cognitive Difficulties – Issues with thinking, memory, or decision-making, such as confusion, trouble following conversations, or trouble recalling events.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you or a loved one has experienced a blow to the head, even if you’re unsure if a TBI has occurred, it’s important to seek medical attention right away. In some cases, TBIs can worsen over time, leading to complications like brain swelling, bleeding, or permanent brain damage. Medical professionals can perform tests such as CT scans or MRIs to assess the severity of the injury and help prevent further damage.

If you notice any of the severe symptoms mentioned above, such as loss of consciousness, seizures, or difficulty speaking, seek emergency care immediately. Delaying treatment can lead to worsened outcomes.

Contact Kalfayan Merjanian, LLP

After a serious injury like a TBI caused by the negligence or wrongful conduct of another party, an experienced personal injury lawyer can help you understand your legal options and pursue compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering.

At Kalfayan Merjanian, LLP, we’re committed to advocating for individuals who have suffered traumatic brain injuries in accidents caused by another’s negligence. Contact us today for a free consultation to discuss your case. Your health and well-being are our top priorities.